Papers

Evaluating the impact of mission architecture on crew dynamics in space exploration

M. MacRobbie, G. Lordos, A. Lordos, D. Newman, A. Stankovic

npj Microgravity (2026)

A Systems Engineering Approach to Mitigating Starship Cryogenic Boil-Off for Artemis III

G. Lordos, D. Rojas, B. Ma, S. Smith, P. Bala, N. Ding, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2026)

LunarLoc: Robust Global Localization for Autonomous Surface Operations on the Moon

A. Thomas, A. Garbuz, T. Johst, K. Srinivasan, D. Thomas, C. O'Neill, R. Galliath, G. Lordos, J. How

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2026)

Modular Waste Recycling and Manufacturing System Architecture for the Moon and Beyond

L. Etzenbach, L. McKinney, P. Patel, J. Soto, H. Dei, A. Blackman, B. Cruse, J. Ma, J. Fontanez, G. Lordos, J. Hoffman

28th IAA Symposium on Human Exploration of the Solar System, IAC (2025)

Preparing for Humans to Mars with the Mars Advanced Precursor Systems Program

M. Johnson, J. Emmerson, S. Mousavi, A. Westbrook, S. Maa, T. Carey, A. Nagel, G. Callado, O. Bonney, A. Fagioli, T. Strobel, O. de Weck, G. Lordos, C. Bil

23rd IAA Symposium on Building Blocks for Future Space Exploration and Development, IAC (2025)

LunarLoc: Segment-Based Global Localization on the Moon

A. Thomas, R. Galliath, A. Garbuz, L. Anger, C. O'Neill, T. Johst, D. Thomas, G. Lordos, J. How

Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS), Los Angeles (2025)

Doing More with Less: Co-Design of Human Moon and Mars Architectures with their Funding Sources

G. Lordos, L. McKinney, M. Delkowski, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2025)

Moon BRICCSS: Moon Blocks using Regolith ISRU for Corbelled Construction of Sustainable Shielding

L. McKinney, P. B. Patel, D. Massimino, A. Thomas, J. Salazar, M. Klimenka, G. Lordos, C. Paige, S. Tibbits, D. Newman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2025)

Tradespace Exploration of Large Lunar Mars Analog Campaigns

L. McKinney, P. Patel, M. Johnson, C. Ma, M. Delkowski, E. Romero, N. Khan, E. Lopez-Contreras, L. Nardi, M. MacRobbie, G. Lordos, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2025)

Reusable Mars Transportation Architecture Modeling for Larger Crewed Missions

G. Lordos, K. Latyshev, M. Hoying, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Milan (2024)

Modeling Robust Mars Surface Architectures Over a Broad Range of Mission Scales

G. Lordos, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck

27th IAA Symposium on Human Exploration of the Solar System, IAC (2024)

MARTEMIS: Mars Architecture Research using Taguchi Experiments on the Moon with International Solidarity

L. McKinney, P. Patel, M. Johnson, M. Delkowski, L. Nardi, E. King, S. Jagani, A. Webb, A. Thomas, L. Gasteiner, C. Ma, E. Romero, A. Tretiakova, D. Rojas, E. Lopez-Contreras, V. Orlandi, F. Tavakoli, A. Eskenazi, W. Chan, E. Martin, V. Peysakhovich, A. Osterwalder, M. Heyne, M. Hoying, A. Lordos, G. Lordos, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Milan (2024)

Leveraging Economies of Scale and Gains from Specialization for Robust Crewed Mars Architectures

G. Lordos, M. Hoying, L. McKinney, O. de Weck and J. A. Hoffman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2024)

Modeling and Feedback Control for a Guyed, Flexible, Tubular Lunar Tower

V. Portmann, A. Miller, J. Zhang, A. Studstill, G. Lordos, J. Hoffman, H. Chin

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2024)

Engineering Robust and Autocatalytic Architectures for Human Missions to Mars

G. Lordos

Doctoral Thesis, MITDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Space Logistics Exploration Campaign Scenario Specification for SpaceNet

P. Grogan, S. Bentley, G. Lordos, K. Latyshev, I. Brown, O. de Weck

AIAA SCITECH Forum (2024)

Producing Lunar Steel and Oxygen using Molten Regolith Electrolysis

P. Patel, J. Soto, S. Koller, K. Latyshev, L. Sangabattula, Z. Adams, K. Misquitta, L. Jalil, A. Cooper, T. Nguyen, J. Fontanez, B. Ma, H. Na, J. Ramirez, C. Rissola, I. Subramanian, D. Bergman, A. Allanore, M. Culpepper, O. de Weck, G. Lordos, J. Hoffman

ASCEND (2023)

Pale Red Dot: Polis-based Architecture for the Long-term Exploration of the Red planet

G. Lordos, M. Hoying, Y. AlSadah, L. Arias, I. Arzuaga-Garcia, H. Azzouz, J. Beilstein, W. Lam Chan, E. Eyre, D. Gleason, M. Ikinci, D. Krishnan, Y. Lin, E. Martin, L. McKinney, D. Miller, C. O'Neill, O. Orozco, P. Patel, E. Romero, F. Sepulveda, D. Villegas, A. Webb, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck, A. Lordos, C. Gentgen, K. Latyshev

NASA RASC-AL Forum (2023)

WORMS: Field-Reconfigurable Robots for Extreme Lunar Terrain

G. Lordos, M.J. Brown, K.Latyshev, A. Liao, S. Shah, C. Meza, B. Bensche, C. Cao, Y. Chen, A.S.Miller, A. Mehrotra, J. Rodriguez, A. Mokkapati, T. Cantu, K. Sapozhnikov, J. Rutledge, D. Trumper, S. Kim, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman, W. Chun

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2023)

Design Development of a Stable, Lightweight, Tall and Self-Deploying Lunar Tower

A. Miller, G. Lordos, P. Portmann, A. Studstill, J. Rohrbaugh, W. Schoeman, C. Williams, E. Rutherford, J. Zhang, P. Patel, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman, N. Stamler, B. Martell, J. Fernandez

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2023)

Lifetime Embodied Energy: A Theory of Value for the New Space Economy

G. Lordos, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck

In book: Handbook of Space Resources, V. Badescu, K. Zacny (eds), Springer (2023)

BART & MARGE: A Resilient and Scalable Architecture for In-Situ Propellant Production on Mars Using Large Trucks

C. Gentgen, G. Cadesus-Vila, G. Lordos, J. Posada, M. Long, L. Nagareddy, J. Kambhamapaty, M. Ten-Have, M. Hoying, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck

ASCEND Conference (2022)

WORMS: A Reconfigurable Robotic Mobility System for Extreme Lunar Terrain

G. Lordos, M. Brown, Y. Chen, C. Meza, A. Liao, J. Rodriguez, A. Miller, S. Shah, A. Mehrotra, C. Cao, B. Bensche, J. Salazar, P. do Vale Pereira, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

ASCEND Conference (2022)

Technology Roadmapping of an ISRU System for NASA Using a Medium-Fidelity System Dynamics Simulation

G. Lordos, O. de Weck

ASCEND Conference (2022)

Trends and Technology Roadmapping in Earth Observation Missions

A. Siddiqi, J. Milton, G. Lordos, O. de Weck

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS) (2022)

MarsGarden: Designing an ecosystem for a sustainable multiplanetary future

E. Hinterman, A. Moccia, S. Baber, F. Maffia, S. Sciarretta, T. Smith, H. Nowak, J. Lukic, V. Sunimi, Z. Zhan, T. Schneiderman, G. Lordos, E. Seaman, S. Babakhanova, J. Kusters, F. Bernelli-Zazzera, P. Maggiore, L. Mainini, J. Hoffman

Acta Astronautica 195(4), (2022)

HYDRATION: Mining Water Ice on the Moon and Mars Using Downhole Radiative Heating

G. Lordos, A. Vanderhout, A. Adams, M. Alowayed, R. de Filippi, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck, R. Takahashi

17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments (2021)

LOON—An Exploration of Lunar-Native Urban Planning

J. Montes, E. Hudgins, K. Cannon, G. Lordos, P. van Susanne, L. Cohen, J. Barrett, R. Tingey, C. Murray, J. Jones, M. Soubotin, B. Knowles

17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments (2021)

Autonomously Deployable Tower Infrastructure for Exploration and Communication in Lunar Permanently Shadowed Regions

G. Lordos, C. Amy, B. Browder, M. Chan, C. Dawson, P. do Vale Pereira, S. Dolan, T. Hank, E. Hinterman, B. Martell, A. Miller, C. O'Neill, N. Stamler, J. Todd, N. Wang, M. Begin, V. Padia, D. Newman, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

ASCEND (2020)

Quantifying the Impact of Cryo-Management, ISRU, and Fuel Cell Lunar Technology Infusion to a Notional Mars LOX/LH2 Architecture

S. Eiskowitz, S. Dolan, K. Latyshev, G. Lordos, M. Moraguez, A. Trujillo, B. Cameron, O. de Weck, E. Crawley

International Astronautical Congress (2020)

Preparing for the socio-behavioural challenges of a populous, semi-independent settlement on Mars through a new generation of multi-team, empowerment-oriented Mars analogue missions

A. Lordos, G. Lordos

71st International Astronautical Congress (IAC) – The CyberSpace Edition (2020)

Tradespace Exploration of Space Settlement Architectures Using Long-term Cost and Benefit Metrics

G. Lordos, M. Guerster, B. Cameron, O. de Weck, J. Hoffman

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2020)

Ensuring Economically Viable Lunar Settlements: ASCENDxCo-Lab Proceedings Report

J. Todd, G. Lordos, B. Browder, B. Martell, C. O'Neill

ASCENDxCo-Lab on Economically Viable Lunar Settlements (2020)

Star City: Designing a Settlement on Mars

G. Lordos, A. Lordos

22nd Annual Mars Society Convention (2019)

Investment Decision Model for a Commercially Owned and Operated Space Station in Low Earth Orbit

G. Lordos, M. Moraguez, A. Trujillo, S. Wald, R. de Neufville, O. de Weck

70th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) (2019)

Mars Garden: An Engineered Greenhouse for a Sustainable Residence on Mars

S. Babakhanova, S. Baber, F. Zazzera, E. Hinterman, J. Hoffman, J. Kusters, G. Lordos, J. Lukic, F. Maffia, P. Maggiore, L. Mainini, A. Moccia, H. Nowak, T. Schneiderman, S. Sciarretta, S. Seager, S. Seaman, T. Smith, N. Stamler, V. Sunimi, Z. Zhan

AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum (2019)

Human-Machine Interactions in Apollo and Lessons Learned for Living Off the Land on Mars

G. Lordos, S. Summers, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck

IEEE Aerospace Conference (2019)

Lifetime Embodied Energy: A New Value System for the ISRU Space Economy

G. Lordos, J. Hoffman, O. de Weck

Space Resources Roundtable (2019)

Commercial Space Technology Roadmap

O. de Weck, A. Siddiqi, M. Moraguez, A. Trujillo, G. Lordos, M. Sarang

Massachusetts Institute of Technology report for NASA (2018)

Evaluating the Sustainability of Long Term Manned Mars Campaigns Using a Physical Economics Framework

G. Lordos, O. de Weck

International Astronautical Congress (2018)

Towards a Sustainable Industrial Development of Mars: Comparing Novel ISRU / ISM Architectures Using Lifetime Embodied Energy

G. Lordos, J. Hoffman, S. Summers

AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition (2018)

Towards the sustainable industrial development of Mars : comparing novel ISRU / ISM architectures using lifetime embodied energy

G. Lordos

SM Thesis, MIT System Design and Management (2018)